Cosa (chi) è dyskinetic - definizione
![Stylized diagram showing action of the puborectalis sling, and the formation of the anorectal angle. A-puborectalis, B-rectum, C-level of anorectal ring and anorectal angle, D-anal canal, E-[[anal verge]], F-representation of internal and external anal sphincters, G-coccyx & sacrum, H-pubic symphysis, I-Ischium, J-pubic bone.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/(155) Stylized depiction of action of puborectalis sling.png?width=200 "Stylized diagram showing action of the puborectalis sling, and the formation of the anorectal angle. A-puborectalis, B-rectum, C-level of anorectal ring and anorectal angle, D-anal canal, E-[[anal verge]], F-representation of internal and external anal sphincters, G-coccyx & sacrum, H-pubic symphysis, I-Ischium, J-pubic bone.")
Wikipedia
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a disorder that results in involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips. Additionally, there may be rapid jerking movements or slow writhing movements. In about 20% of people with TD, the disorder interferes with daily functioning.
Tardive dyskinesia occurs in some people as a result of long-term use of dopamine-receptor-blocking medications such as antipsychotics and metoclopramide. These medications are usually used for mental illness but may also be given for gastrointestinal or neurological problems. The condition typically develops only after months to years of use. The diagnosis is based on the symptoms after ruling out other potential causes.
Efforts to prevent the condition include either using the lowest possible dose or discontinuing use of neuroleptics. Treatment includes stopping the neuroleptic medication if possible or switching to clozapine. Other medications such as valbenazine, tetrabenazine, or botulinum toxin may be used to lessen the symptoms. With treatment, some see a resolution of symptoms, while others do not.
Rates in those on atypical antipsychotics are about 20%, while those on typical antipsychotics have rates of about 30%. The risk of acquiring the condition is greater in older people, for women, as well as patients with mood disorders and/or medical diagnoses receiving antipsychotic medications. The term "tardive dyskinesia" first came into use in 1964.
